Censo 2022: Rio de Janeiro lidera perda populacional entre os estados brasileiros

junho 27, 2025

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Dados do Censo Demográfico 2022, divulgados nesta sexta-feira (27) pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), apontam que o estado do Rio de Janeiro apresentou o maior déficit migratório do país. Entre 2017 e 2022, aproximadamente 165.360 pessoas deixaram o estado, representando uma retração populacional de 1,03% em relação aos números registrados em 1º de agosto de 2022.

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Segundo o levantamento, cerca de 29 milhões de brasileiros vivem atualmente em estados diferentes daqueles onde nasceram. A Região Sudeste, pela primeira vez desde 1991, registrou saldo migratório negativo, com destaque para o Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Este último contabilizou a saída de 90 mil moradores no mesmo período.

Especialistas atribuem a saída de moradores do Rio de Janeiro a fatores como a violência urbana e a crise no setor petrolífero, que afeta diretamente a economia fluminense. Por outro lado, estados do Sul e Centro-Oeste registraram aumento populacional. Santa Catarina, por exemplo, apresentou o maior ganho líquido, com a chegada de 354.350 pessoas — crescimento de 4,66% na população local.

O IBGE também destaca um movimento nacional de redistribuição populacional, impulsionado por busca por melhor qualidade de vida, segurança e oportunidades fora dos grandes centros urbanos.

Queda na natalidade também impacta população fluminense
O Censo 2022 também apontou mudanças no perfil reprodutivo das mulheres brasileiras. A taxa de fecundidade total caiu para 1,55 filho por mulher — abaixo do nível de reposição populacional. Segundo o IBGE, o fenômeno está relacionado ao aumento da escolarização feminina, maior participação no mercado de trabalho e adiamento da maternidade.

O Rio de Janeiro foi o estado com maior percentual de mulheres sem filhos em 2022: 21%. Em 2000, o índice nacional era de 10%; em 2022, chegou a 16,2%.

Esses dados indicam que o estado enfrenta uma combinação de fatores estruturais — como migração e baixa natalidade — que podem impactar diretamente políticas públicas e projeções de desenvolvimento regional nos próximos anos.


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