MPF vai à Justiça contra liberações de obras em áreas protegidas pela prefeitura do Rio

dezembro 4, 2025

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O Ministério Público Federal (MPF) no Rio de Janeiro ingressou com uma Ação Civil Pública (ACP) para impedir que a prefeitura do Rio autorize obras em áreas tombadas sem a prévia liberação do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan). A iniciativa contesta um decreto municipal que permite a emissão de licenças para intervenções em zonas protegidas sem a obrigatória avaliação do órgão federal.

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A ação tem origem em um inquérito que investiga possíveis danos ambientais e paisagísticos em uma obra realizada na Joatinga, em um terreno próximo ao Parque Nacional da Tijuca, que teria sido autorizada por meio de uma licença simplificada emitida pela Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Urbano e Licenciamento (SMDU). Em 2023, o Iphan já havia se posicionado contra a execução do projeto.

O MPF destaca que outros casos semelhantes ocorreram recentemente, como a reforma de uma residência em São Conrado e a instalação de novos quiosques no Parque dos Patins, na Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas. Ambos os projetos foram autorizados pelo município, mas não receberam anuência do Iphan.

Na ação, o MPF fundamenta que o Decreto-lei nº 25/1937 determina expressamente que intervenções em bens tombados — incluindo reparos, pinturas, restaurações e obras no entorno que possam comprometer sua visibilidade — dependem de autorização prévia do órgão federal. A Portaria Iphan nº 420/2010 reforça essa exigência.

O MPF também lembra que o município já foi condenado em outra ACP por liberar eventos em áreas tombadas sem manifestação do Iphan. A prefeitura editou o Decreto Rio nº 56.490/2025, que condiciona esse tipo de autorização ao aval do instituto. Para o MPF, isso evidencia que o município não pode alegar desconhecimento ou autonomia administrativa, já que existe decisão judicial transitada em julgado sobre o tema.


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