Nova regra pode tirar candidatos da disputa no Rio; entenda decisão de Fux

março 19, 2026

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O ministro Luiz Fux, do Supremo Tribunal Federal, suspendeu nesta terça-feira (18) trechos da lei que regulamenta uma possível eleição indireta para um mandato-tampão de governador no Rio de Janeiro. A decisão é liminar e ainda será analisada pelo plenário da Corte.

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A medida altera dois pontos centrais da legislação aprovada pela Assembleia Legislativa do Rio de Janeiro:

substitui o voto aberto pelo voto secreto na eleição indireta;

amplia o prazo de desincompatibilização de candidatos, passando de 24 horas para 180 dias, conforme previsto na legislação federal.

A decisão foi tomada após ação apresentada pelo Partido Social Democrático, que questionou a constitucionalidade das regras.

Na avaliação de Fux, o voto aberto pode expor parlamentares a pressões externas. “não é possível conceber um cenário de plena liberdade de escolha […] com escrutínio aberto”, afirmou o ministro, ao citar riscos de “retaliações violentas e toda a sorte de constrangimentos externos”.

Sobre o prazo de 24 horas para afastamento de cargos públicos, o ministro entendeu que a regra poderia comprometer a igualdade entre candidatos. Segundo ele, o período é “manifestamente incapaz de preservar a igualdade de chances no certame eleitoral”.

Impacto político

A decisão altera o cenário de uma eventual eleição indireta no estado, que só ocorre em caso de dupla vacância — quando governador e vice deixam os cargos nos últimos dois anos de mandato.

Entre os nomes cotados para um eventual mandato-tampão estão André Ceciliano, atual secretário de Assuntos Parlamentares do governo federal; Douglas Ruas, secretário estadual das Cidades; e Nicola Miccione, secretário da Casa Civil. Todos ocupam cargos públicos e podem ser impactados pela nova exigência de prazo.

O governador Cláudio Castro avalia a possibilidade de deixar o cargo para disputar o Senado, enquanto responde a julgamento no Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, que pode resultar na cassação de seu mandato. Até o momento, o placar está em 2 a 0 pela condenação, mas a análise foi suspensa e deve ser retomada nos próximos dias.

A decisão ocorre em meio a um cenário de incerteza política no estado e pode influenciar diretamente os próximos desdobramentos eleitorais.


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